|
1
|
Introduction to Wastewater Collection System Modeling
|
|
|
|
1.1 Wastewater Collection System Overview
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3 Historical Perspective on Collection System Analysis
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
Steady Gravity Flow Hydraulics
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.2 Fluid Statics and Dynamics
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.4 Hydraulic Design Variables
|
|
|
|
|
2.5 Energy and Headlosses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.7 Manning's n Variation
|
|
|
|
|
2.8 Minor Losses in Junction Structures
|
|
|
|
|
2.9 Tractive Force Self-Cleansing
|
|
|
|
|
2.10 Specific Energy and Critical Flow
|
|
|
|
|
2.11 Hydraulics of Flow-Control Structures
|
|
|
3
|
Unsteady Gravity Flow Hydraulics
|
|
|
|
3.1 Basics of Unsteady Flow Analysis
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.3 Hydrodynamic Equations
|
|
|
|
|
3.4 Complications to Routing Methods
|
|
|
4
|
Force Main and Pumping Hydraulics
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.3 Energy Addition - Pumps
|
|
|
5
|
Model Construction
|
|
|
|
5.1 Developing the Modeling Plan
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.3 Constructing the Sewer Model
|
|
|
6
|
Dry Weather Wastewater Flows
|
|
|
|
6.1 Definition of Flowrates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
Wet Weather Wastewater Flows
|
|
|
|
7.1 Wet Weather Flow Definitions
|
|
|
|
|
7.2 Wastewater Collection System Hydrology
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.4 Modeling Rainfall Runoff
|
|
|
|
|
7.5 Determining Hydrographs from Runoff
|
|
|
|
|
7.6 Empirical Methods for Generating Hydrographs
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
Data Collection and Flow Measurement
|
|
|
|
8.1 Data Collection Considerations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
Model Calibration
|
|
|
|
9.1 Basic Calibration Concepts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.4 Special Considerations in Calibration
|
|
|
|
|
9.5 Understanding Overflows
|
|
|
10
|
Design of New Gravity Wastewater Collection Systems
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.2 Steady Flow versus Extended-Period Simulation (EPS) Analysis
|
|
|
|
|
10.3 Preliminary Considerations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.5 Flows in Sanitary Sewers
|
|
|
|
|
10.6 Horizontal and Vertical Alignment
|
|
|
|
|
10.7 Hydraulic Design and Functional Considerations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.10 Hydraulic Design of Gravity Systems
|
|
|
|
|
10.11 Wastewater Collection System Optimization
|
|
|
11
|
Wastewater Collection System Evaluation and Rehabilitation
|
|
|
|
11.1 Planning System Characterization
|
|
|
|
|
11.2 System Characterization
|
|
|
|
|
11.3 Hydraulic Investigations
|
|
|
|
|
11.4 Control and Treatment Strategies
|
|
|
12
|
Force Mains and Pump Stations
|
|
|
|
12.1 Need for Pump Stations
|
|
|
|
|
12.2 Force Main Sizing (Single Pump Station)
|
|
|
|
|
12.3 Modeling Pumping Stations
|
|
|
|
|
12.4 Force Mains with Multiple Pump Stations
|
|
|
|
|
12.5 Efficiency Considerations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12.7 Hydraulic Transients
|
|
|
13
|
Low-Pressure Sewers
|
|
|
|
13.1 Description of Pressure Sewers
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13.3 Pressure Sewer Design Considerations
|
|
|
|
|
13.4 Modeling Pressure Sewers
|
|
|
14
|
Utilizing GIS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14.2 Developing an Enterprise GIS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14.4 GIS Analysis and Visualization
|
|
|
15
|
Regulatory Issues
|
|
|
|
15.1 United States Laws and Regulations
|
|
|
|
|
15.2 Canadian Regulations
|
|
|
|
|
15.3 European Union Regulations
|
|
|
|
|
15.4 Use of Models for Regulatory Compliance
|
|
|
|
Appendix A Symbols
|
|
|
Appendix B Conversion Factors
|
|
|
Appendix C Physical Properties
|
|
|
Bibliography
|
|
|
Index
|
Table of Contents
