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1
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Introduction to Water Distribution Modeling
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1.1 Anatomy of a Water Distribution System
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1.2 What Is a Water Distribution System Simulation?
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1.3 Applications of Water Distribution Models
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1.5 A Brief History of Water Distribution Technology
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2
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Modeling Theory
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2.2 Fluid Statics and Dynamics
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2.6 Resistance Coefficients
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2.9 Water Quality Modeling
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3
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Assembling a Model
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3.10 Types of Simulations
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4
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Water Consumption
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4.4 Projecting Future Demands
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4.5 Fire Protection Demands
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5
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Testing Water Distribution Systems
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5.2 Fire Hydrant Flow Tests
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5.4 Pump Performance Tests
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5.5 Extended-Period Simulation Data
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5.6 Water Quality Sampling
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5.7 Sampling Distribution System Tanks and Reservoirs
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5.8 Quality of Calibration Data
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6
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Using SCADA Data for Hydraulic Modeling
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6.2 Polling Intervals and Unsolicited Data
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6.6 Responding to Data Problems
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6.7 Verifying Data Validity
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7
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Calibrating Hydraulic Network Models
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7.1 Model-Predicted versus Field-Measured Performance
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7.2 Sources of Error in Modeling
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7.3 Calibration Approaches
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7.4 EPS Model Calibration
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7.5 Calibration of Water Quality Models
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7.6 Acceptable Levels of Calibration
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8
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Using Models for Water Distribution System Design
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8.1 Applying Models to Design Applications
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8.2 Identifying and Solving Common Distribution System Problems
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8.4 Extending a System to New Customers
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8.5 Establishing Pressure Zones and Setting Tank Overflows
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8.6 Developing System Head Curves for Pump Selection/Evaluation
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8.7 Serving Lower Pressure Zones
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8.8 Rehabilitation of Existing Systems
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8.9 Tradeoffs Between Energy and Capital Costs
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8.10 Use of Models in the Design and Operation of Tanks
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8.11 Optimized Design and Rehabilitation Planning
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9
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Modeling Customer Systems
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9.1 Modeling Water Meters
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9.3 Representing the Utility's Portion of the Distribution System
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10
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Operations
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10.1 The Role of Models in Operations
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10.2 Low Pressure Problems
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10.3 Low Fire Flow Problems
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10.4 Adjusting Pressure Zone Boundaries
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10.5 Taking a Tank Off-Line
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10.6 Shutting Down a Section of the System
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10.9 Water Distribution System Flushing
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10.10 Sizing Distribution System Meters
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10.11 Models for Investigation of System Contamination
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10.13 Maintaining an Adequate Disinfectant Residual
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11
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Water System Security
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11.1 Water System Vulnerability
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11.2 Potential Water Security Events
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11.3 Assessment of Vulnerability
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11.4 Application of Simulation Models
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12
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Integrating GIS and Hydraulic Modeling
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12.2 Developing and Maintaining an Enterprise GIS
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12.4 GIS Analysis and Visualization
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12.5 The Future of GIS and Hydraulic Modeling
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13
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Transients in Hydraulic Systems
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13.1 Introduction to Transient Flow
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13.2 Physics of Transient Flow
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13.3 Magnitude and Speed of Transients
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13.4 Numerical Model Calibration
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13.5 Gathering Field Measurements
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13.7 Operational Considerations
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Appendix A Units and Symbols
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Appendix B Conversion Factors
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Appendix C Tables
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Appendix D Model Optimization Techniques
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Appendix E SCADA Basics
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Bibliography
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Index
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What They Say
Table of Contents
