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Bibliography
General Water Distribution Hydraulics
American Water Works Association (1975). "Sizing Service Lines and Meters." AWWA Manual M-22, Denver, Colorado.
American Water Works Association (1989). "Distribution Network Analysis for Water Utilities." AWWA Manual M-32, Denver, Colorado.
American Water Works Association (1996). "Ductile Iron Pipe and Fitting." AWWA Manual M-41, Denver, Colorado.
ASCE (1975). Pressure Pipeline Design for Water and Wastewater. ASCE, New York, New York.
ASCE Committee on Pipeline Planning (1992). Pressure Pipeline Design for Water and Wastewater. ASCE, Reston, Virginia.
ASCE/WEF (1982). Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction. ASCE, Reston, Virginia.
Babbitt, H. E., and Doland, J. J. (1931). Water Supply Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
Benedict, R. P. (1910). Fundamentals of Pipe Flow. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York.
Bernoulli, D. (1738). Hydrodynamica. Argentorati.
Buettner, C. F. (1980). Practical Hydraulics and Flow Monitoring Workshop Notes. Saint Louis, Missouri.
California-Nevada AWWA (1981). Distribution Main Flushing and Cleaning. California-Nevada AWWA, Rancho Cucamonga, California.
Cesario, A. L. (1995). Modeling, Analysis, and Design of Water Distribution Systems. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Chadderton, R. A., Christensen, G. L., and Henry-Unrath, P. (1992). Implementation and Optimization of Distribution Flushing Programs. AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado.
Colebrook, C. F., and White, C. M. (1937). "The Reduction of Carrying Capacity of Pipes with Age." Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers, 5137(7), 99.
Crane Company (1972). Flow of Fluids through Valves and Fittings. Crane Co., New York, New York.
Haestad Methods, Inc. (1997). Computer Applications in Hydraulic Engineering. Haestad Press, Waterbury, Connecticut.
Haestad Methods, Inc. (1997). Practical Guide - Hydraulics and Hydrology. Haestad Press, Waterbury, Connecticut.
Haestad Methods, Inc. (1999). Essential Hydraulics and Hydrology. Haestad Press, Waterbury, Connecticut.
Haestad Methods, Inc. (2001). Current Methods. Haestad Press, Waterbury, Connecticut.
Hauser, B. A. (1993). Hydraulics for Operators. Lewis Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Hydraulic Institute (1979). Engineering Data Book. Hydraulic Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.
Hydraulic Research (1983). Tables for the Hydraulic Design of Pipes and Sewers. Wallingford, England.
Idelchik, I. E. (1999). Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance. 3rd edition. Begell House, New York, New York.
Lamont, P. A. (1981). "Common Pipe Flow Formulas Compared with the Theory of Roughness." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 73(5), 274.
Male, J. W., and Walski, T. M. (1990). Water Distribution Systems-A Troubleshooting Manual. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan.
Mays, L. W., ed. (1989). Reliability Analysis of Water Distribution Systems. ASCE Task Committee on Risk and Reliability Analysis, New York, New York.
Mays, L. W., ed. (1996). Water Resources Handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
Mays, L. W., ed. (1999). Hydraulic Design Handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
Mays, L. W., ed. (2000). Water Distribution Systems Handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
Miller, D. S. (1978). Internal Flow Systems. BHRA Fluid Engineering, Bedford, United Kingdom.
Nayar, M. L. (1992). Piping Handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
Nikuradse (1932). "Gestezmassigkeiten der Turbulenten Stromung in Glatten Rohren." VDI-Forschungsh, No. 356 (in German).
Oberoi, K. (1994). "Distribution Flushing Programs: The Benefits and Results." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, New York, New York.
Olujic, Z. (1981). "Compute Friction Factors for Fast Flow in Pipes." Chemical Engineering, 91.
Patison, P. L. (1980). "Conducting a Regular Main Flushing Program." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 72(2), 88.
Rossman, L. A. (2000). EPANET Users Manual. Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Rouse, H. (1980). "Some Paradoxes in the History of Hydraulics." Journal of Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 106(6), 1077.
Seidler, M. (1982). "Obtaining an Analytical Grasp of Water Distribution Systems." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 74(12).
Sharp, W. W., and Walski, T. M. (1988). "Predicting Internal Roughness in Water Mains." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 80(11), 34.
Stephenson, D. (1976). Pipeline Design for Water Engineers. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, New York, New York.
Streeter, V. L., Wylie, B. E., and Bedford, K. W. (1998). Fluid Mechanics. 9th edition, WCB/McGraw-Hill, Boston, Massachusetts.
Swamee, P. K., and Jain, A. K. (1976). "Explicit Equations for Pipe Flow Problems." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 102(5), 657.
Task Committee on Design of Pipelines (1975). Pressure Pipeline Design for Water and Wastewater. ASCE, Reston, Virginia.
Wagner, J., Shamir, U., and Marks, D. (1988a). "Water Distribution System Reliability: Analytical Methods." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 114(2), 253.
Wagner, J., Shamir, U., and Marks, D. (1988b). "Water Distribution System Reliability: Simulation Methods." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 114(2), 276.
Walski, T. M. (1984). Analysis of Water Distribution Systems. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York.
Walski, T. M., Edwards, J. D., and Hearne, V. M. (1989). "Loss of Carrying Capacity in Pipes Transporting Softened Water with High pH." Proceedings of the National Conference on Environmental Engineering, ASCE, Austin, Texas.
Walski, T. M., Sharp, W., and Shields, F. D. (1988). "Predicting Internal Roughness in Water Mains." Miscellaneous Paper EL-88-2, U.S. Army Corps of Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Williams, G. S., and Hazen, A. (1920). Hydraulic Tables. John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York.
General Hydraulic Modeling
ANSI and ASTM (1971). Metric Practice Guide.
Bhave, P. R. (1991). Analysis of Flow in Water Distribution Networks. Technomics, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
Chaudry M. H., and Yevjevich, V., eds. (1980). Closed Conduit Flow. Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colorado.
Collins, M. A. (1980). "Pitfalls in Pipe Network Analysis Techniques." Journal of Transportation Division, ASCE, 106(TE5), 507.
Cross, H. (1936). "Analysis of Flow in Networks of Conduits or Conductors." Univ. Of Illinois Experiment Station Bulletin, No. 286, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois, Champaign Urbana, Illinois.
Dillingham, J. H. (1967) "Computer Analysis of Water Distribution Systems." Water and Sewage Works, 114(1), 1.
Epp, R., and Fowler, A. G. (1970). "Efficient Code for Steady State Flows in Networks." Journal of Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 96(HY1), 43.
Fishwick, P. A. (1995). Simulation Model Design and Execution. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Goodwin, S. J. (1980). "The Results of the Experimental Program on Leakage and Leakage Control." Technical Report TR 154, Water Research Centre.
Gupta, R., and Bhave, P. (1996). "Comparison of Methods for Predicting Deficient Network Performance." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 122(3), 214.
Jeppson, T. W. (1976). Analysis of Flow in Pipe Network. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Larock, B. E., Jeppson, R. W., and Watters, G. Z. (1999). Handbook of Pipeline Systems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. (1979). Water Resources and Environmental Engineering. 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
Moody, L. F. (1944). "Friction Factors for Pipe Flow." Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 66.
Muss, D. L. (1960). "Friction Losses in Lines with Service Connections." Journal of Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 86(4), 35.
Rao, H. S., and Bree, D. W. (1977). "Extended Period Simulation of Water Systems." Journal of Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 103(HY2), 97.
Salgado, R., Todini, E., and O'Connell (1987). "Comparison of the Gradient Method with Some Traditional Methods for the Analysis of Water Distribution Networks." Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Applications for Water Supply and Distribution, Leicester Polytechnic, United Kingdom.
Shamir, U., and Howard, C. D. (1968). "Water Distribution Systems Analysis." Journal of Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 94(1), 219.
Thorntopn, J. (2002). Water Loss Control Manual, McGraw-Hill.
Todini, E., and Pilati, S. (1987). "A Gradient Method for the Analysis of Pipe Networks." Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Applications for Water Supply and Distribution, Leicester Polytechnic, UK.
Walski, T. M., Gessler, J., and Sjostrom, J. W. (1990). Water Distribution-Simulation and Sizing. Lewis Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Water Research Centre (WRc) (1989). Network Analysis-A Code of Practice. Water Research Centre. Swindon, United Kingdom.
Wood, D. J. (1980). Computer Analysis of Flow in Pipe Networks. University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Wood, D. J., and Charles, C. O. A. (1972). "Hydraulic Analysis Using Linear Theory." Journal of Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 98(7), 1157.
Wood, D. J., and Rayes, A. G. (1981). "Reliability of Algorithms for Pipe Network Analysis," Journal of Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 107(10), 1145.
Rehabilitation and Maintenance
American Water Works Association (1987). Distribution System Maintenance Techniques. Denver, Colorado.
California-Nevada AWWA (1981). Distribution Main Flushing and Cleaning. California-Nevada AWWA, Rancho Cucamonga, California.
Chadderton, R. A., Christensen, G. L., and Henry-Unrath, P. (1992). Implementation and Optimization of Distribution Flushing Programs. AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado.
Engelhardt, M. O., Skipworth, P. J., Savic, D. A., Saul, A. J., and Walters, G. A. (2000). "Rehabilitation Strategies for Water Distribution Networks: A Literature Review with a UK Perspective." Urban Water, Vol. 2, No. 2, 153-170.
Halhal, D., Walters, G. A., Savic, D. A., and Ouazar, D. (1997). "Water Network Rehabilitation with a Structured Messy Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 123(3), 137.
Oberoi, K. (1994). "Distribution Flushing Programs: The Benefits and Results." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, New York, New York.
Patison, P. L. (1980). "Conducting a Regular Main Flushing Program." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 72(2), 88.
Shamir, U., and Howard, C. D. D. (1979). "An Analytic Approach to Scheduling Pipe Size Improvements." Journal of the American Water Works Association., 71(5), 248.
Walski, T. M. and Pelliccia, A. (1982). "Economic Analysis of Water Main Breaks." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 74(3), 140.
Walski, T. M. (1982). "Economic Analysis for Rehabilitation of Water Mains." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 108(3), 296.
Walski, T. M. (1985). "Cleaning and Lining vs. Parallel Mains." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 111(1), 43.
Application of Models
Basford, C., and Sevier, C. (1995). "Automating the Maintenance of Hydraulic Network Model Demand Database Utilizing GIS and Customer Billing Records." Computers in the Water Industry, AWWA, Denver, Colorado.
Bouchart, F., and Goulter, I. C. (1991). "Improvements in Design of Water Distribution Networks Recognizing Valve Location." Water Resources Research, 27(12), 3029.
Bowen, P. T., Harp, J., Baxter, J., and Shull, R. (1993). Residential Water Use Patterns. AWWARF, Denver, Colorado.
Buyens, D. J., Bizier, P. A., and Combee, C. W. (1996). "Using a Geographical Information System to Determine Water Distribution Model Demands." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Toronto, Canada.
Cannistra, J. R. (1999). "Converting GIS Data for GIS." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 91(2), 55.
Carr, R. J., and Smith, N. A. (1995). "Useful or Useless - A Procedure for Maintaining Network Models." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Anaheim, California.
Cesario, A. L. (1980). "Computer Modeling Programs: Tools for Model Operations." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 72(9), 508.
Cesario, A. L. (1991). "Network Analysis from Planning, Engineering, Operations and Management Perspectives." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 83(2), 38.
Dacier, N. M., Boulos, P. F., Clapp, J. W., Dhingra, A. K., and Bowcock, R. W. (1995). "Taking Small Steps Towards a Fully-Integrated Computer Based Environment for Distribution System Operation, Maintenance and Management." Computers in the Water Industry, AWWA, Denver, Colorado.
Davis, A. L., and Brawn, R. C. (2000). "General Purpose Demand Allocator (DALLOC)." Proceedings of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Dustman, P. E., Beyer, D., Bialek, E. Z., and Pon, V. H. (1996). "Preserving the Existing Level of Service During Tank Outages." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Toronto, Canada.
Eggener, C. L., and Polkowski, L. (1976). "Network Modeling and the Impact of Modeling Assumptions." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 68(4), 189.
Engelhardt, M. O., Skipworth, P. J., Savic, D. A., Saul, A. J., and Walters, G. A. (2000). "Rehabilitation Strategies for Water Distribution Networks: A Literature Review with a UK Perspective." Urban Water, Vol. 2, No. 2, 153-170.
ESRI (2001). "What is a GIS?" http://www.esri.com/library/gis/abtgis/what_gis.html.
Germanopoulos, G. (1995). "Valve Control Regulation for Reducing Leakage." Improving Efficiency and Reliability in Water Distribution Systems, Kluwer Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, 165.
Goldman, F. E., and Mays, L. W. (1999). "The Application of Simulated Annealing to the Optimal Operation of Water Systems." Proceedings of the 26th Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Tempe, Arizona.
Goulter, I. C. (1987). "Current and Future Use of Systems Analysis in Water Distribution Network Design." Civil Engineering Systems, 4(4), 175.
Goulter, I. C., and Bouchart, F. (1990). "Reliability Based Design of Pumping and Distribution Systems." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 116(2), 211.
Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi River Board of State Public Health & Environmental Managers (GLUMB) (1992). Recommended Standards for Water Works. Albany, New York.
Guihan, M. T., Irias, X. J., Swain, C., and Dustman, P. E. (1995). "Making the Case for the GIS Hydraulic Modeling Tool." Computers in the Water Industry, AWWA, Denver, Colorado.
Hudson, W. D. (1973). "Computerizing Pipeline Design." Journal of Transportation Division, ASCE, 99(1), 73.
Kaufman, M. M., and Wurtz, M. (1998). "Small System Maintenance Management Using GIS." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 90(7), 70.
Lee, J. H. (1998). "Case Study of a Water Distribution System by Computer Modeling." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer Modeling, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Martin, D. C. (1987). "Professional Responsibilities Related to Computer-Aided Hydraulic Network Analysis." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Kansas City, Missouri.
Martinez, F., Conejos, P., and Vercher, J. (1999). "Developing an Integrated Model of Water Distribution Systems Considering both Distributed Leakage and Pressure Dependent Demands." Proceedings of the ASCE Water Resources Planning and Management Division Conference, Tempe, Arizona.
Miller, T. C. (1988). "Application of Accurate Hydraulic Models." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer Modeling, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
O'Connell, K. M. C. (1992). "Allocation of Water System Demand in a Hydraulic Model for the City of Vancouver, BC." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Vancouver, Canada.
Pudar, R. S., and Liggett, J. A. (1992). "Leaks in Pipe Networks." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 118(7), 1031.
Shamir, U., and Hamberg, D. (1988). "Schematic Models for Distribution Systems Design I: Combination Concept." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 114(2), 129.
Shamir, U., and Hamberg, D. (1988). "Schematic Models for Distribution Systems Design II: Continuum Approach." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 114(2), 141.
Shamir, U., and Howard, C. D. D. (1977). "Engineering Analysis of Water Distribution Systems." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 69(9), 510.
Stathis, J. A., and Loganathan, G. V. (1999). "Analysis of Pressure-Dependent Leakage in Water Distribution Systems." Proceedings of the ASCE Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Tempe, Arizona.
Stern, C. T. (1995). "The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Hydraulic Modeling Project: Combining GIS and Network Modeling Techniques." Proceedings of the AWWA Computer Conference, American Water Works Association, Norfolk, Virginia.
Tang, K. W., Brunone, B., Karney, B., and Rossetti, A. (2000). "Role and Characterization of Leaks Under Transient Conditions." Proceedings of the ASCE Joint Conference on Water Resources Engineering and Water Resources Management, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Ulanicki, B., Coulbeck, B. and Rance, J. P., eds. (2001). Water Software Systems: Theory and Applications. Vol. 1 & 2, Research Studies Press, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
Walski, T. M. (1983). "Using Water Distribution System Models." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 75(2), 58.
Walski, T. M., ed. (1987). Water Supply System Rehabilitation. ASCE, New York, New York.
Walski, T. M. (1993). "Practical Aspects of Providing Reliability in Water Distribution Systems." Reliability Engineering and Systems Safety, Elsevier, 42(1), 13.
Walski, T. M. (1995). "An Approach for Handling Sprinklers, Hydrants, and Orifices in Water Distribution Systems." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Anaheim, Calif.
Walski, T. M., and Lutes, T. L. (1994). "Hydraulic Transients Cause Low-pressure Problems." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 86(12), 24.
Yanov, D. A., and Kotch, R. N. (1987). "A Modern Residential Flow Demand Study." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Kansas City, Missouri.
Pumping
Chase, D. V., and Ormsbee, L. E. (1989). "Optimal Pump Operation of Water Distribution Systems with Multiple Tanks." Proceedings of the AWWA Computer Conference, American Water Works Association, 205.
Hicks, T. G., and Edwards, T. W. (1971). Pump Application Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
Hovstadius, G. (2001). "Pump System Effectiveness." Pumps and Systems, 9(1), 48.
Hydraulic Institute (1983). Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary, and Reciprocating Pumps. Cleveland, Ohio.
Hydraulic Institute (2000). Pump Standards. Parsippany, New Jersey.
Karassik, I. J., ed. (1976). Pump Handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
McPherson, M. B. (1966). "Distribution System Equalizing Storage Hydraulics." Journal of Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 92(6), 151.
Ormsbee, L. E., and Lingireddy, S. (1995). "Nonlinear Heuristic for Pump Operations." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 121(4), 302.
Sanks, R. L., ed. (1998). Pumping Station Design. 2nd edition, Butterworth, London, UK.
Tarquin, A., and Dowdy, J. (1989). "Optimal Pump Operation in Water Distribution." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 115(2), 168.
Walski, T. M. (1993). "Tips for Energy Savings in Pumping Operations." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 85(7), 48.
Walski, T. M., and Ormsbee, L. (1989). "Developing System Head Curves for Water Distribution Pumping." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 81(7), 63.
Customer Demands
Basford, C., and Sevier, C. (1995). "Automating the Maintenance of Hydraulic Network Model Demand Database Utilizing GIS and Customer Billing Records." Proceedings of the AWWA Computer Conference, American Water Works Association, Norfolk, Virginia.
Baumann D., Boland, J. and Hanemann, W. H., eds. (1998). "Forecasting Urban Water Use: Models and Application." Urban Water Demand Management and Planning, McGraw Hill. New York, New York.
Buchberger, S. G., and Wells, G. J. (1996). "Intensity, Duration, and Frequency of Residential Water Demands." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 122(1), 11.
Buchberger, S. G., and Wu, L. (1995). "A Model for Instantaneous Residential Water Demands." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 121(3), 232.
Buyens, D. J., Bizier, P. A., and Combee, C. W. (1996). "Using a Geographical Information System to Determine Water Distribution Model Demands." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Toronto, Canada.
Cesario, A. L., and Lee T. K. (1980). "A Computer Method for Loading Model Networks." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 72(4), 208.
Coote, P. A., and Johnson, T. J. (1995). "Hydraulic Model for the Mid-Size Utility." Proceedings of the AWWA Computer Conference, American Water Works Association, Norfolk, Virginia.
Dziegielewski, B., and Boland J. J. (1989). "Forecasting Urban Water Use: the IWR-MAIN Model." Water Resource Bulletin, 25(1), 101-119.
Hunter, R. B. (1940). "Methods of Estimating Loads in Plumbing Systems." Report BMS 65, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Insurance Advisory Organization (IAO) (1974). Grading Schedule for Municipal Fire Protection. Toronto, Canada.
Insurance Services Office (ISO). (1980). Fire Suppression Rating Schedule. New York, New York.
International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (1997). Uniform Plumbing Code. Los Angeles, California.
Linaweaver, F. P., Geyer, J. C., and Wolff J. B. (1966). A Study of Residential Water Use: A Report Prepared for the Technical Studies Program of the Federal Housing Administration. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC.
Macy, P. P. (1991). "Integrating Construction and Water Master Planning." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 83(10), 44.
Male, J. W., and Walski, T. M. (1990). Water Distribution: A Troubleshooting Manual. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Florida.
Moore, M. (1998). "A Complete Integration of Water Distribution Computer Applications: Tomorrow's Water Utility." Proceedings of the AWWA Information Management and Technology Conference, American Water Works Association, Reno, Nevada.
Office of Water Services (Ofwat) (1998). 1997-98 Report on Leakage and Water Efficiency. http://www.open.gov.uk/ofwat/leak97.pdf, United Kingdom.
Rhoades, S. D. (1995). "Hourly Monitoring of Single-Family Residential Areas." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 87(8), 43.
Vickers, A. L. (1991). "The Emerging Demand Side Era in Water Conservation." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 83(10), 38.
Walski, T. M., Gangemi, Kaufman, and Malos (2001). "Establishing a System Submetering Project." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, Washington, DC.
Water Research Centre (WRc) (1985). District Metering, Part I - System Design and Installation. Report ER180E, United Kingdom.
Wolff, J. B. (1961). "Peak Demands in Residential Areas." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 53(10).
Model Calibration
Ahmed, I., Lansey, K., and Araujo, J. (1999). "Data Collection for Water Distribution Network Calibration." Proceedings of Water Industry Systems: Modelling and Optimisation Applications, Savic, D. A., and Walters, G. A., eds., Vol. 1, Exeter, United Kingdom.
Akel, T. (2001). "Best Practices for Calibrating Water Distribution Hydraulic Models." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Washington, D.C.
American Water Works Association (1989). "Installation, Field Testing, and Maintenance of Fire Hydrants." AWWA Manual M-17, Denver, Colorado.
American Water Works Association Engineering Computer Applications Committee (1999). Calibration Guidelines for Water Distribution System Modeling. http://www.awwa.org/unitdocs/592/calibrate.pdf.
Bhave, P. R. (1988). "Calibrating Water Distribution Network Models." Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 114(1), 120.
Boulos, P. F., and Ormsbee, L. E. (1991). "Explicit Network Calibration for Multiple Loading Conditions." Civil Engineering Systems, 8(3), 153.
Boulos, P. F., and Wood, D. J. (1990). "Explicit Calculation of Pipe-Network Parameters." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 116(11), 1329.
Boulos, P. F., and Wood, D. J. (1991). "An Explicit Algorithm for Calculating Operating Parameters for Water Networks." Civil Engineering Systems, 8, 115.
Brainard, B. (1994). "Using Electronic Rate of Flow Recorders." Proceeding of the AWWA Distribution System Symposium, American Water Works Association, Omaha, Nebraska.
Bush, C. A., and Uber, J. G. (1998). "Sampling Design and Methods for Water Distribution Model Calibration." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 124(6), 334.
California Section AWWA (1962). "Loss of Carrying Capacity of Water Mains." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 54(10).
Cesario, A. L., Kroon, J. R., Grayman, W., and Wright, G. (1996). "New Perspectives on Calibration of Treated Water Distribution System Models." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Toronto, Canada.
Coulbeck, B. (1984). "An Application of Hierarchical Optimization in Calibration of Large-Scale Water Networks." Optimal Control Applications and Methods, 6(31).
Datta, R. S. N., and Sridharan, K. (1994). "Parameter Estimation in Water Distribution Systems by Least Squares." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 120(4), 405.
DeOreo, W. B., Heaney, J. P., and Mayer, P. W. (1996). "Flow Trace Analysis to Assess Water Use." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 88(1), 79.
deSchaetzen, W. (2000). "Optimal Calibration and Sampling Design for Hydraulic Network Models." Ph.D. Thesis, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Exeter, United Kingdom.
deSchaetzen, W., Randall-Smith, M., Savic, D. A., and Walters, G. A. (1999). "Optimal Logger Density in Water Distribution Network Calibration." Proceedings of Water Industry Systems: Modelling and Optimisation Applications, Savic, D. A., and Walters, G. A., eds., Vol. 1, Exeter, United Kingdom.
Duncan, C. T. (1998). "Maintaining the Simulation Quality of your Hydraulic Distribution Model Through Innovative Calibration Techniques." Proceedings of the AWWA Information Management and Technology Conference, American Water Works Association, Reno, Nevada.
Ferreri, G. B., Napoli, E., and Tumbiolo, A. (1994). "Calibration of Roughness in Water Distribution Networks." Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Water Pipeline Systems, BHR Group, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Greco, M., and Del Guidice, G. (1999). "New Approach to Water Distribution Network Calibration." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 125(8), 849.
Howie, D. C. (1999). "Problems with SCADA Data for Calibration of Hydraulic Models." Proceedings of the ASCE Annual Conference of Water Resources Planning and Management, Tempe, Arizona.
Hudson, W. D. (1966). "Studies of Distribution System Capacity in Seven Cities." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 58(2), 157.
Kapelan, Z., Savic, D. A., and Walters, G. A. (2000). "Inverse Transient Analysis in Pipe Networks for Leakage Detection and Roughness Calibration." Water Network Modeling for Optimal Design and Management, CWS 2000, Centre for Water Systems, Exeter, United Kingdom, 143.
Kapelan, Z., Savic, D. A., and Walters, G. A. (2001). "Use of Prior Information on Parameters in Inverse Transient Analysis for Leak Detection and Roughness Calibration." World Water & Environmental Resources Congress, Orlando, Florida.
Lansey, K., and Basnet, C. (1991). "Parameter Estimation for Water Distribution Networks." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 117(1), 126.
Lansey, K. E. (1988). "Water Distribution Network Calibration Considering Multiple Loading Conditions." Proceedings of 15th Annual ASCE Water Resources Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, 150.
Lansey, K. E., El-Shorbagy, W., Ahmed, I., Araujo, J., and Haan, C. T. (2001). "Calibration Assessment and Data Collection for Water Distribution Networks." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 127(4), 270.
Lee, B. H., and Deininger, R. A. (1992). "Optimal Locations of Monitoring Stations in Water Distribution Systems." Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 118(1), 4.
McBean, E. A., Al-Nassari, S., and Clarke, D. (1983). "Some Probabilistic Elements of Field Testing in Water Distribution Systems." Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers, Part 2, 75-143.
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Lingireddy, S., and Ormsbee, L. E. (1999). "Optimal Network Calibration Model Based on Genetic Algorithms." Proceedings of the ASCE Annual Conference of Water Resources Planning and Management, Tempe, Arizona.
Ormsbee, L. E., and Wood, D. J. (1986). "Explicit Pipe Network Calibration." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 112(2), 166.
Piller, O., Bremond, B., and Morel, P. (1999). "A Spatial Sampling Procedure for Physical Diagnosis in a Drinking Water Supply Network." Proceedings of Water Industry Systems: Modelling and Optimisation Applications, Savic, D. A., and Walters, G. A., eds., Vol. 1, Exeter, United Kingdom.
Rahal, C. M., Sterling, M. J. H., and Coulbeck, B. (1980). "Parameter Tuning for Simulation Models of Water Distribution Networks." Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers, Part 269, 751.
Reddy, P. V. N., Sridharan, K., and Rao, P. V. (1996). "WLS Method for Parameter Estimation in Water Distribution Networks." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 122(3), 157.
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Simpson, A. R., and Vitkovsky, J. P. (1997). "A Review of Pipe Calibration and Leak Detection Methodologies for Water Distribution Networks." Proceedings of the 17th Federal Convention, Australian Water and Wastewater Association, Australia, 1.
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Vitkovsky, J. P., and Simpson, A. R. (1997). "Calibration and Leak Detection in Pipe Networks Using Inverse Transient Analysis and Genetic Algorithms." Report No. R 157, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Adelaide, Australia.
Vitkovsky, J. P., Simpson, A. R., and Lambert, M. F. (2000). "Leak Detection and Calibration Using Transients and Genetic Algorithms." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 126(4), 262.
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Walski, T. M. (1984). "Hydrant Flow Test Results." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 110(6), 847.
Walski, T. M. (1985). "Correction of Head Loss Measurements in Water Mains." Journal of Transportation Engineering, ASCE, 111(1), 75.
Walski, T. M. (1986). "Case Study: Pipe Network Model Calibration Issues." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 109(4), 238.
Walski, T. M. (1988). "Conducting and Reporting Hydrant Flow Tests." WES Video Report, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Walski, T. M. (1990). "Sherlock Holmes Meets Hardy Cross or Model Calibration in Austin, Texas." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 82(3), 34.
Walski, T. M. (1995). "Standards for Model Calibration." Proceedings of the AWWA Computer Conference, American Water Works Association, Norfolk, Virginia.
Walski, T. M. (2000). "Model Calibration Data: The Good, The Bad and The Useless." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 92(1), 94.
Walski, T. M. (2002). "Identifying Monitoring Locations in a Water Distribution System Using Simulation and GIS." Proceedings of the AWWA Information Management and Technology Conference, American Water Works Association, Kansas City, Missouri.
Walski, T. M., Lowry, S. G., and Rhee, H. (2000). "Pitfalls in Calibrating an EPS Model." Proceedings of the Environmental and Water Resource Institute Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Walski, T. M., and O'Farrell, S. J. (1994). "Head Loss Testing in Transmission Mains." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 86(7), 62.
Walters G. A., Savic, D. A., Morley, M. S., de Schaetzen, W., and Atkinson, R. M. (1998). "Calibration of Water Distribution Network Models Using Genetic Algorithms." Hydraulic Engineering Software VII, Witpress Computational Mechanics Publications, South Hampton, United Kingdom.
Wu, Z. Y, Walski, T. M., Mankowski, R., Herrin G., Gurierri, R. and Tryby, M. (2002). "Calibrating Water Distribution Model Via Genetic Algorithms." Proceedings of the AWWA Information Management and Technology Conference, American Water Works Association, Kansas City, Missouri.
Yu, G., and Powell, R. S. (1994). "Optimal Design of Meter Placement in Water Distribution Systems." International Journal of Systems Science, 25(12), 2155.
Optimization Techniques
Bäck, In T., Fogel, D. B., and Michalewicz, Z., eds. (1997). Handbook of Evolutionary Computation. Institute of Physics Publishing and Oxford University Press.
Bellman, R. E. (1957). Dynamic Programming. Princeton University Press.
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Corne, D., Dorigo, M., and Glover, F., eds. (1999). New Methods in Optimization, McGraw-Hill.
Fanni, A., Liberatore, S., Sechi, G. M., Soro, M. and Zuddas, P. (2000). "Optimization of Water Distribution Systems by a Tabu Search Metaheuristic." Proceedings of the 7th IFORMS Computing Society Conference, Cancun, Mexico.
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Glover, F. (1986). "Future Paths for Integer Programming and Links to Artificial Intelligence." Computers and Operations Research, 13, 533.
Goldberg, D. E. (1989). Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning. Addison-Wesley.
Hillier, F. S., and Lieberman, G. J. (1995). Introduction to Operations Research. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
Holland, J. H. (1975). Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. MIT Press.
Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C. D., and Vecchi, M. P. (1983). "Optimization by Simulated Annealing." Science, 220, 671.
Lasdon, L. S., and Waren, A. D. (1982). GRG2 User's Guide. Department of General Business, University of Texas, Austin.
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Michalewicz, Z. (1992). Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolutionary Programs. Springer-Verlag.
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Ribeiro, L. and da Conceicao Cunha, M. (2000). "Tabu Search Algorithms for Water Network Distribution Systems Optimization." Proceedings of the Decision Making in Urban and Civil Engineering Conference, Lyon, France.
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Wagner, H. M. (1975). Principles of Operations Research, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
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Yeh, W. G. (1985). "Reservoir Management and Operations Models: a State-of-the-Art Review." Water Resources Research, 21(12), 1797.
Optimal Design
Alperovits, and Shamir, U. (1977). "Design of Optimal Water Distribution Systems." Water Resources Research, 13(6), 885.
Austin, and Robinson. (1976). "Cost Optimization of Rural Water Systems." Journal of Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 102(8), 1119.
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Dandy, G. C., and Engelhardt. (2001). "Optimum Rehabilitation of a Water Distribution System Considering Cost and Reliability." Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Orlando, Florida.
Dandy, G. C., Simpson, A. R., and Murphy, L. J. (1996). "An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Pipe Network Optimization." Water Resources Research, 32(2), 449.
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Deb, A. K. (1976). "Optimization of Water Distribution Network Systems." Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE, 102(4), 837.
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Duan, N. L., Mays, L. W., and Lansey, K. E. (1990). "Optimal Reliability-Based Design of Pumping and Distribution Systems." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 116(2), 249.
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El-Bahrawy, A., and Smith, A. A. (1985). "Application of MINOS to Water Collection and Distribution Networks." Civil Engineering Systems, 2(1), 38.
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Fujiwara, O., and Khang, D. B. (1990). "A Two-phase Decomposition Method for Optimal Design of Looped Water Distribution Networks." Water Resources Research, 26(4), 539.
Gessler, J. (1985). "Pipe Network Optimization by Enumeration." Proceedings of the Specialty Conference on Computer Applications in Water Resources, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, New York.
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Goldberg, D. E., and Kuo, C. H. (1987). "Genetic Algorithms in Pipeline Optimization." Journal of Computing In Civil Engineering, 1(2), 128.
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Haimes, Y. Y., and Allee, D. J. (1982). Multiobjective Analysis in Water Resources. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, New York.
Halhal, D., Walters, G. A., Savic, D. A., and Ouazar, D. (1999). "Scheduling of Water Distribution System Rehabilitation using Structured Messy Genetic Algorithms." Evolutionary Computation, 7(3), 311.
Jacobsen, Dishari, Murphy, and Frey (1998). "Las Vegas Valley Water District Plans For Expansion Improvements Using Genetic Algorithm Optimization." Proceedings of the AWWA Information Management and Technology Conference, American Water Works Association, Reno, Nevada.
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Murphy, L.J., Dandy, G.C., and Simpson, A.R. (1994). "Optimal Design and Operation of Pumped Water Distribution Systems." Proceedings of the Conference on Hydraulics in Civil Engineering, Australian Institute of Engineers, Brisbane, Australia.
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Rowell, W. F., and Barnes, J. W. (1982). "Obtaining Layout of Water Distribution Systems." Journal of Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 108(1), 137.
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Savic, D. A., and Walters, G. A. (1997). "Evolving Sustainable Water Networks." Hydrological Sciences, 42(4), 549.
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Savic, D. A., Walters, G. A., Randall-Smith, M., and Atkinson, R. M. (2000). "Large Water Distribution Systems Design Through Genetic Algorithm Optimisation." Proceedings of the ASCE Joint Conference on Water Resources Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management, American Society of Civil Engineers, Hotchkiss, R. H., and Glade, M., eds., proceedings published on CD, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Simpson A. R., and Wu, Z. Y. (1997). "Optimal Rehabilitation of Water Distribution Systems Using a Messy Genetic Algorithm." Proceedings of the AWWA 17th Federal Convention Water in the Balance, Melbourne, Australia.
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Swamee, P. K., and Khanna, P. (1974). "Equivalent Pipe Methods and Optimizing Water Networks-Facts and Fallacies." Journal of Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE, 100(EE1), 93.
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Walski, T. M. (1985). "State-of-the-Art: Pipe Network Optimization." Computer Applications in Water Resources, , ASCE, New York, New York.
Walski, T. M. (1995). "Optimization and Pipe Sizing Decisions." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 121(4), 340.
Walski, T.M. (2001). "The Wrong Paradigm-Why Water Distribution Optimization Doesn't Work." accepted for Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 127(2), 203.
Walski, T. M., Brill, E. D., Gessler, J., Goulter, I. C., Jeppson, R. M., Lansey, K., Lee, H. L., Liebman, J. C., Mays, L. W., Morgan, D. R., and Ormsbee, L. E. (1987). "Battle of the Network Models: Epilogue." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 113(2), 191.
Walski, T. M., and Gessler J. (1985). "Water Distribution System Optimization." Technical Report EL-85-11, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Walski, T. M., Gessler, J., and Sjostrom, J.W. (1988). "Selecting Optimal Pipe Sizes for Water Distribution Systems." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 80(2), 35.
Walski, T.M., Youshock, M., and Rhee, H. (2000). "Use of Modeling in Decision Making for Water Distribution Master Planning." Proceedings of the ASCE EWRI Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Walters, G. A. (1998). "Optimal Design of Pipe Networks: A Review." Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Methods and Water Resources in Africa, Computational Mechanics Publications, Springer Verlag.
Walters, G.A., Halhal, D., Savic, D., and Ouazar, D. (1999). "Improved Design of `Anytown' Distribution Network Using Structured Messy Genetic Algorithms." Urban Water, 1(1), 23.
Walters, G. A., and Lohbeck (1993). "Optimal Layout of Tree Networks Using Genetic Algorithms." Engineering Optimization, 22(1), 27.
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Wu, Z. Y., Boulos, P. F., Orr, C. H., and Ro, J. J. (2000). "An Efficient Genetic Algorithms Approach to an Intelligent Decision Support System for Water Distribution Networks." Proceedings of the Hydroinformatics Conference, Iowa.
Wu, Z. Y., Boulos, P. F., Orr, C. H., and Ro, J. J. (2001). "Rehabilitation of Water Distribution System Using Genetic Algorithms." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 93(11), 74.
Wu, Z. Y., and Simpson, A. R. (1996). "Messy Genetic Algorithms For Optimization of Water Distribution Systems." Research Report R140, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Adelaide, Australia.
Wu, Z. Y., and Simpson, A. R. (1997). "An Efficient Genetic Algorithm Paradigm For Discrete Optimization of Pipeline Networks." Proceedings of the International Congress on Modeling and Simulation, Vol. 2, MODSIM 97, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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Wu, Z. Y., and Simpson, A. R. (2000). "Evaluation of Critical Transient Loading for Optimal Design of Water Distribution Systems." Proceedings of the Hydroinformatics Conference, Iowa.
Wu, Z. Y, Walski, T. M., Mankowski, R., Tryby, M., Herrin, G., and Hartell, W. (2002). "Optimal Capacity of Water Distribution Systems." Proceedings of the 1st Annual Enviromental and Water Resources Systems Analysis (EWRSA) Symposium, Roanoke, Virginia.
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Modeling for Energy Efficiency
Arora, H., and LeChevallier, M. W. (1998). "Energy Management Opportunities." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 90(2), 40.
Brdys, M. A., and Ulanicki, B. (1994). Operational Control of Water Systems : Structures, Algorithms, and Applications. Prentice Hall.
Brion, L., and Mays, L. W. (1991). "Methodology for Optimal Operation of Pumping Stations in Water Distribution Systems." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 117(11), 1551.
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Coulbeck, B., Bryds, M., Orr, C., and Rance, J. (1988). "A Hierarchal Approach to Optimized Control of Water Distribution Systems." Journal of Optimal Control Applications and Methods, 9(1), 51.
Coulbeck, B., and Orr, C. H., eds. (1988). Computer Applications in Water Supply Vol 2: System Optimization and Control. Research Studies Press Ltd., Leicester, United Kingdom.
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Ormsbee, L. E., and Lansey, K. E. (1994). "Optimal Control of Water Supply Pumping Systems." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 120(2), 237.
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Van Zyl, J. E. (2001). A Methodology for Improved Operational Optimization of Water Distribution Systems. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Exeter, United Kingdom.
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Wu, Z. Y., Boulos, P. F., Orr, C. H., and Moore, M. (2001). "Using Genetic Algorithm for Water Distribution System Optimization." Proceedings of the World Water & Environmental Resources Congress, Orlando, Florida.
Yu, G., Powell, R. S., and Sterling, M. J. H. (1994). "Optimized Pump Scheduling in Water Distribution Systems." Journal of Optimization Theory Applications, 83(3), 463.
Cabrera, E., and Vela, A. F., eds. (1995). Improving Efficiency and Reliability in Water Distribution Systems. Water Science and Technology Library, Vol. 14, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Massachusetts.
Zessler, M. L., and Shamir, U. (1989). "Optimal Operation of Water Distribution Systems." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 115(8), 735.
Water Quality Modeling
American Water Works Association (1990). "Recommended Practice for Backflow Prevention and Cross Connection Control." AWWA Manual M-14, Denver, Colorado.
American Water Works Association Research Foundation (1991). Water Quality Modeling in Distribution Systems. Denver, Colorado.
Antoun, E. N., Dyksen, J. E., and Hiltebrand (1999). "Unidirectional Flushing." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 91(7), 62.
APHA, AWWA, and WEF (1998). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition, AWWA, Denver, Colorado.
Benjamin, M. M., Reiber, S. H., Ferguson, J. F, Vanderwerff, E. A., and Miller, M. W. (1990). Chemistry of Corrosion Inhibitors in Potable Water. AWWARF, Denver, Colorado.
Boccelli, D. L., Tryby, M. E., Uber, J. G., Rossman, L. A., Zierolf, M. L., and Polycarpou, M. M. (1998). "Optimal Scheduling of Booster Disinfection in Water Distribution Systems." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 124(2), 99.
Boorman, G. A., Dellarco, V., Dunnick, J. K., Chapin, R. E., Hunter, S., Hauchman, F., Gardner, H., Cox, M., Sills, R. C. (1999). "Drinking Water Disinfection By-products: Review and Approach to Toxicity Evaluation." Environmental Health Perspectives, 107, Supplemental 1:207.
Boulos, P. F., Altman, T., Jarrige, P. A., and Collevati, F. (1995). "Discrete Simulation Approach for Network Water Quality Models." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 121(1), 49.
Caldwell, D. H., and Lawrence, W. B. (1953). "Water Softening and Conditioning Problems." Industrial Engineering Chemistry, 45(3), 535.
Chen, W. J., and Weisel, C. P. (1998). "Halogenated DBP Concentrations in a Distribution System." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 90(4), 181.
Clark, R. M., and Cole, J. A. (1990). "Measuring and Modeling Variations in Distribution System Water Quality." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 82(8), 46.
Clark, R. M., Geldreich, E. E., Fox, K. R., Rice, E. W., Johnson, C. H., Goodrich, J. A., Barnick, J. A., and Abdesaken, F. (1996). "Tracking a Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium Outbreak in Gideon, Missouri: Role of Contaminant Propagation Modeling." Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-Aqua, 45(4), 171.
Clark, R. M., and Grayman, W. M. (1998). Modeling Water Quality in Distribution Systems. AWWA, Denver, Colorado.
Clark, R. M., Grayman, W. M., Goodrich, R. A., Deininger, P. A., and Hess, A. F. (1991). "Field Testing Distribution Water Quality Models." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 84(7), 67.
Clark, R. M., Grayman W. M., and Males, R. M. (1988). "Contaminant Propagation in Distribution Systems." Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 114(4), 929.
Clark, R. M., Grayman, W. M., Males R. M., and Hess, A. F. (1993). "Modeling Contaminant Propagation in Water Distribution Systems." Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 119(2), 349.
Constans, S., Brémond, B., and Morel, P. (2000). "Using Linear Programs to Optimize the Chlorine Concentrations in Water Distribution Networks." Proceedings of the ASCE Joint Conference on Water Resources Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Dandy, G., and Hewitson, C. (2000). "Optimising Hydraulics and Water Quality in Water Distribution Networks using Genetic Algorithms." Proceedings of the ASCE Joint Conference on Water Resources Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Elton, A., Brammer, L. F., and Tansley, N. S. (1995). "Water Quality Modeling in Distribution Networks." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 87(7), 44.
Gagnon, J. L., and Bowen, P. T. (1996). "Supply Safety and Quality of Distributed Water." Proceedings of the AWWA Computer Conference, American Water Works Association, Chicago, Illinois.
Gauthier, V., Besner, M. C., Barbeau, B., Millette, R., and Prevost, M. (2000). "Storage Tank Management to Improve Water Quality: Case Study." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 126(4), 221.
Geldreich, E. E. (1996). Microbial Quality of Water Supply in Distribution Systems. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida.
Grayman, W. M. (2001). "Use of Tracer Studies and Water Quality Models to Calibrate a Network Hydraulic Model." Current Methods, 1(1), Haestad Methods, Inc. Waterbury, Connecticut.
Grayman, W. M., Clark, R. M., and Males, R. M. (1988). "Modeling Distribution System Water Quality: Dynamic Approach." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 114(3).
Grayman W. M., Deininger, R. A., Green, A., Boulos, P. F., Bowcock, R. W., and Godwin, C. C. (1996). "Water Quality and Mixing Models for Tanks and Reservoirs." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 88(7).
Grayman, W. M., Rossman, L. A., Arnold, C., Deininger, R. A., Smith, C., Smith, J. F., and Schnipke, R. (2000). Water Quality Modeling of Distribution System Storage Facilities. AWWA and AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado.
Grayman, W. M., Rossman, L. A., Li, Y., and Guastella, D. (2002). "Measuring and Modeling Disinfectant Wall Demand in Metallic Pipes." Proceedings of the ASCE Environmental Water Resources Institute Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Roanoke, Virginia.
Harding, B. L., and Walski, T. M. (2000). "Long Time-series Simulation of Water Quality in Distribution Systems." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 126(4), 199.
Harr, J. (1995). A Civil Action. Vintage Books, New York, New York.
Hart, F. F., Meader, J. L., and Chiang, S. M. (1987). "CLNET-A Simulation Model for Tracing Chlorine Residuals in Potable Water Distribution Networks." Proceedings of the AWWA Distribution System Symposium, American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Islam, R., and Chaudhry, M. H. (1998). "Modeling Constituent Transport in Unsteady Flows in Pipe Networks." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 124(11), 1115.
Kiene, L., and Hemery, A. (1999). "Monitoring of Water Quality in Distribution Systems Using Optimized Models, On-line Sensors and Booster Chlorination Stations." Proceedings of the Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia.
Kramer, M. H., Herwald, B. L., Craun, G. F., Calderon, R. L., and Juranek, D. D. (1996). "Waterborne Disease-1993 and 1994." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 88(3), 66.
Kroon, J. R., and Hunt, W. A. (1989). "Modeling Water Quality in a Distribution Network." Proceedings of the AWWA Water Quality Technology Conference, American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Langelier, W. F. (1936). "The Analytical Control of Anti-Corrosion in Water Treatment." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 28(10), 1500.
LeChevallier, M. W., Babcock, T. M., and Lee, R. G. (1987). "Examination of the Characterization of Distribution System Biofilms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 53(2), 714.
Liou, C. P., and Kroon, J. R. (1987). "Modeling Propagation of Waterborne Substances in Distribution Networks." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 79(11), 54.
Maddison, L. A., and Gagnon, G. A. (1999). "Evaluating Corrosion Control Strategies for a Pilot-Scale Distribution System." Proceedings of the Water Quality Technology Conference, American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Males, R. M., Clark, R. M., Wehrman, P. I., and Gates, W. E. (1985). "An Algorithm for Mixing Problems in Water Systems." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 111(2).
Maslia, M. L., Sautner, J. B., Aral, M. M., Reyes, J. J., Abraham, J. E., and Williams, R. C. (2000). "Using Water-Distribution Modeling to Assist Epidemiologic Investigations." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 126(4), 180.
Mau, R. E., Boulos, P. F., Clark, R. M., Grayman, W. M., Tekippe, W. M., and Trussel, R. R. (1995). "Explicit Mathematical Model of Distribution Storage Water Quality." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 121(10), 699.
McNeil, L. S., and Edwards, M. (2000). "Phosphate Inhibitors and Red Water in Stagnant Iron Pipes." Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 126(12), 1096.
Merrill, D. T., and Sanks, R. L. (1978). Corrosion Control by Deposition of CaCO3 Films. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Mullen, E. D., and Ritter, J. A. (1974). "Potable-Water Corrosion Control." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 66(8), 473.
Murphy, P. J. (1991). Prediction and Validation in Water Distribution Modeling. American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado.
Nace, A., Harmant, P., and Villon, P. (2001). "Optimization of Location and Chlorine Dosage of the Booster Chlorination in Water Distribution Network." Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, The Environmental & Water Resources Institute, Reston, Virginia.
Prentice, M. (2001). "Disinfection Modeling Study for the Owen Sound Water Distribution System." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Propato, M., Uber, J. G., Shang, F., Polycarpou, M. M. (2001). "Integrated Control and Booster System Design for Residual Maintenance in Water Distribution Systems." Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, The Environmental & Water Resources Institute, Reston, Virginia.
Rossman, L. A. (1994). EPANET Users Manual. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Rossman, L. A., and Boulos, P. F. (1996). "Numerical Methods for Modeling Water Quality in Distribution Systems: A Comparison." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 122(2), 137.
Rossman, L. A., Boulos P. F., and Altman, T. (1993). "Discrete Element Method for Network Water Quality Models." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 119(5), 505.
Rossman, L. A., Clark, R. M., and Grayman, W. M. (1994). "Modeling Chlorine Residuals in Drinking-Water Distribution Systems." Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 120(4), 803.
Sakarya, A. B., and Mays, L. W. (1999). "Optimal Operation of Water Distribution Systems for Water Quality Purposes." Proceedings of the 26th Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Tempe, Arizona.
Sekhar, W. W., and Uber, J. G. (2001). "Field Study of Chlorine Decay and Disinfection Byproduct Formation in Water Distribution Systems." Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, The Environmental & Water Resources Institute, Reston, Virginia.
Shah, M., and Sinai, G. (1988). "Steady State Model for Dilution in Water Networks." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 114(2), 192.
Sharp, W.W., Pfeffer, J., and Morgan, M. (1991). "In Situ Chlorine Decay Rate Testing." Proceedings of the AWWARF/EPA Conference on Water Quality Modeling in Distribution Systems, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Summers, R. S., Hooper, S. M., Shukairy, H. M., Solarik, G., and Owen, D. (1996). "Assessing DBP Yield: Uniform Formation Conditions." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 88(6), 80.
Tryby, M. E., Boccelli, D., Koechling, M., Uber, J., Summers, R. S., and Rossman. L. (1999). "Booster Chlorination for Managing Disinfectant Residuals." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 91(1), 86.
Tryby, M. E., and Uber, J. G. (1999). "Development of a Booster Chlorination Design Using Distribution System Models." Proceedings of the 26th Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Tempe, Arizona.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (1998). Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule. Office of Water, http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mdbp/dbp1.html.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (2000). Stage 2 Microbial/Dininfection Byproducts Federal Advisory Committee. Office of Water, http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mdbp/st2faca.html.
Vandermeyden, C., and Hartman, D. (2001). "Water Quality Modeling of a Complete Distribution System. Development, Results, and Practical Applications." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Vasconcelos, J. J., Rossman, L. A., Grayman, W. M., Boulos, P. F., and Clark, R. M. (1996). Characterization and Modeling of Chlorine Decay in Distribution Systems. AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado.
Vasconcelos, J. J., Rossman, L. A., Grayman, W. M., Boulos, P. F., and Clark, R. M. (1997). "Kinetics of Chlorine Decay." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 89(7), 54.
Volk, C., Dundore, E., Schiermann, J., LeChevallier, M. (2000). "Practical Evaluation of Iron Corrosion Control in a Drinking Water Distribution System." Water Research, 34(6), 1967.
Waller, K., Swan, S. H., DeLorenze, G., Hopkins, B. (1998). "Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Spontaneous Abortion." Epidemiology, 9(1), 134.
Walski, T. M. (1991). "Understanding Solids Transport in Water Distribution Systems." Water Quality Modeling in Distribution Systems, AWWARF, Denver, Colorado.
Walski, T. M. (1999). "Modeling TCE Dynamics in Water Distribution Tanks." Proceedings of the 26th Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Tempe, Arizona.
Walski, T. M., and Draus, S. J. (1996). "Predicting Water Quality Changes During Flushing." Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Toronto, Canada.
Wang, Z., Polycarpou, M. M., Shang, F., Uber, J. G. (2001). "Design of Feedback Control Algorithm for Chlorine Residual Maintenance in Water Distribution Systems." Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, The Environmental & Water Resources Institute, Reston, Virginia.
Welker, R., Sakamoto, K., LeFebre, W., and Hanna, Y. (1995). "The Application of a Calibrated Water Quality Model in a System-wide Disinfection Study." Computers in the Water Industry, American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Wright, C., and Nevins, T. (2002). "In-situ Tracer Testing for Determining Effective Inside Pipe Diameters." Proceedings of the ASCE Environmental Water Resources Institute Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Roanoke, Virginia.
Fire Protection
American Water Works Association (1998). "Distribution System Requirements for Fire Protection." AWWA Manual M-31, Denver, Colorado.
American Water Works Association (1994a). "Standard for Dry Barrel Fire Hydrants." AWWA C502-94, Denver, Colorado.
American Water Works Association (1994b). "Standard for Wet Barrel Fire Hydrants." AWWA C503-94, Denver, Colorado.
Boulos, P. F., Rossman, L. A., Orr, C. H., Heath, J. E., and Meyer, M. S. (1997). "Fire Flow Computation with Network Models." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 89(2), 51.
Brock, P. D. (1990). Fire Protection Hydraulics and Water Supply. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
Circulaire des Ministreres de l'Intériur et de l'Agriculture du Février (1957). Protection Contre l'incendie dnas les Communes Rurales. Paris, France
Circulaire du Ministrere de l'Agriculture du Auout (1967). Réserve d'eau Potable. Protection Contre l'incendie dans les Communes Rurales. Paris, France.
Circulaire Interministérielle du Décembre (1951). Alimentation des communes en eau potable - Lutte contre l'incendie. Paris, France.
DVGW (1978). "DVGW W405 Bereitstellung von Löschwasser durch die Öffentliche Trinkwasserversorgung." Deutscher Verein des Gas - und Wasserfaches, Franfurt, Germany.
Hickey, H. E. (1980). Hydraulics for Fire Protection. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts.
Insurance Services Office (ISO) (1963). Fire Flow Tests. New York, New York.
Insurance Services Office (ISO) (1998). Fire Suppression Rating Schedule. New York, New York.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) (1992). "Standard for Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water Based Fire Protection Systems." NFPA 25, Quincy, Massachusetts.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) (1999). Fire Protection Handbook. Quincy, Massachusetts.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) (1999). "Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes." NFPA 13D, Quincy, Massachusetts.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) (1999). "Standard for Installation of Sprinkler Systems." NFPA 13, Quincy, Massachusetts.
Pucholvsky, M. T. (1999). Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts.
SNIP (1985). Water Supply Standards (in Russian). 2.04.02-84, Moscow, Russia.
Walski, T. M., and Lutes, T. L. (1990). "Accuracy of Hydrant Flow Tests Using a Pitot Diffuser." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 82(7), 58.
Water UK and Local Government Association (1998). National Guidance Document on the Provision of Water for Fire Fighting. London, United Kingdom.
Transients
Abreu J. M., ed. (1995). Transitorios y Oscilaciones en Sistemas Hidraulicos a Presion. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain.
Allievi, L. (1903). Teoria Generale del Moto Perturbato Dell'acqua Nei Tubi in Pressione. Annali Della Societa Degli Ingegneri ed Architetti Italiani, Milan.
Allievi, L. (1925). Theory of Waterhammer (translated by E. E. Halmos). Riccardo Garoni, Rome.
Almeida, A. B., and Koelle, E. (1992). Fluid Transients in Pipe Networks. Elsevier Applied Science, Southampton, UK.
Amein, M., and Chu, H. L. (1975). "Implicit Numerical Modeling of Unsteady Flows." Journal of Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 101, 717.
ASCE (1975). Pressure Pipeline Design for Water and Wastewater. ASCE, New York, New York.
Basha, H. A., and Kassab, B. G. (1996). "A Perturbation Solution to the Transient Pipe Flow Problem." Journal of Hydraulic Research, 34, 633.
Chaudhry, M. H. (1987). Applied Hydraulic Transients. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Chen, L. C. (1995). "Pipe Network Transient Analysis-The Forward and Inverse Problems." Thesis, Faculty of the Graduate School, Cornell University.
Covas, D., Stoianov, I., Graham, N., Maksimovic, C., Ramos, H., and Butler, D. (2002). "Hydraulic Transients in Polyethylene Pipe." Proceedings of the ASCE Environmental Water Resources Institute Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Roanoke, Virginia.
Elansary, A. S., Silva, W., and Chaudhry, M. H. (1994). "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Transient Pipe Flow." Journal of Hydraulic Research, 32, 689.
Filion, Y., and Karney, B. W. (2002). "A Numerical Exploration of Transient Decay Mechanisms in Water Distribution Systems." Proceedings of the ASCE Environmental Water Resources Institute Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Roanoke, Virginia.
Giacomini, M. R. (1999). Ajuste das Curvas Características das Bombas Para a Análise dos Transitórios Hidráulicos em Instalações de Bombeamento. M.Sc. Dissertation, Universidade de Campinas, Brazil.
Gray, C. A. M. (1953). "The Analysis of Dissipation of Energy in Waterhammer." Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 119, 1176.
Joukowski, N. (1904). Waterhammer (translated by Miss. O. Simmin). Proceedings of the American Water Works Association, 24, 341-424.
Koelle, E. (1983). Transientes Hidráulicos em Instalações de Condutos Forçados, Aplicações em Engenharia. Apostila da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
Koelle, E., Luvizotto Jr., E., and Andrade, J. P. G. (1996). "Personality Investigation of Hydraulic Networks Using MOC - Method of Characteristics." Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Pressure Surges and Fluid Transients, Harrogate Durham, United Kingdom.
Liggett, J. A., and Chen, L. C. (1994). "Inverse Transient Analysis in Pipe Networks." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 120(8), 934.
Luvizotto Jr., E., Koelle, E. (1992). "The Analytic Representation of the Characteristics of Hydraulic Machines for Computer Simulations." Proceedings of the International Conference on Unsteady Flow and Fluid Transients, Durham, United Kingdom.
Parmakian, J. (1963). Waterhammer Analysis. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, New York.
Streeter, V. L., Lai, C. (1962). "Waterhammer Analysis Including Fluid Friction." Journal of Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 88, 79.
Thorley, A. R. D. (1991). Fluid Transients in Pipeline Systems. D&L George Ltd., United Kingdom.
Thorley, A. R. D., Chaudry, A. (1996). "Pump Characteristics for Transient Flow Analysis." Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Pressure Surges, Mechanical Engineering Publications, BHR Group.
Watters, G. Z. (1979). Modern Analysis and Control of Unsteady Flow in Pipelines. Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Wylie, E. B., and Streeter, V. L. (1993). Fluid Transients in Systems. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Wood, D. J., Dorsch, R. G., and Lightner, C. (1966). "Wave-Plan Analysis of Unsteady Flow in Closed Conduits." Journal of Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 92, 83.
Water System Security
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2001). Summary of Findings. Historical Reconstruction of the Water-Distribution System Serving the Dover Township Area, New Jersey: January 1962-December 1996. Atlanta, Georgia.
American Water Works Association (1984). "Emergency Planning for Water Utility Management." AWWA Manual 19, 2nd Edition, Denver, Colorado.
American Water Works Association (1990). Water Quality & Treatment A Handbook of Community Water Supplies. 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
American Water Works Association (2001). "Emergency Planning for Water Utilities." Manual of Practice M-19, Denver, Colorado.
AwwaRF (2002). Online Monitoring for Drinking Water Utilities. Edited by E. Hargesheimer, Denver, Colorado.
Berger, B. B., and Stevenson, A. H. (1955). "Feasibility of Biological Warfare Against Public Water Supplies." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 47(101), 101.
Brosnan, T. M. (1999). "Early Warning Monitoring to Detect Hazardous Events in Water Supplies." ILSI Risk Science Institute Working Group Report, Washington, D.C.
Burrows, W. D., and Renner, S. E. (1998). "Biological Warfare Agents as Threats to Potable Water." Environmental Health Perspectives, 107(12), 975.
Clark, R. M., and Deininger, R. A. (2000). "Protecting the Nation's Critical Infrastructure: The Vulnerability of U.S. Water Supply Systems." Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 8(2), 73.
Clark, R. M., Geldreich, E. E., Fox, K. R., Rice, E. W., Johnson, C. W., Goodrich, J. A., Barnick, J. A., and Abdesaken, F. (1996). "Tracking a Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium Outbreak in Gideon, Missouri: Role of Contaminant Propagation Modeling." Journal Of Water Supply and Technology, 45(4), 171.
Craun, G., Swerdlow, D., Tauxe, R., Clark, R., Fox, K., Geldreich, E., Reasoner, D., and Rice, E. (1991). "Prevention of Waterborne Cholera in the United States." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 83(11), 43.
Deininger, R. A. (2000). "Constituents of Concern. The Threat of Chemical and Biological Agents to Public Water Supply Systems." Appendix F in Pipeline Net User's Guide, SAIC, McLean, Virginia.
Deininger, R. A., and Meier, P. G. (2000). "Sabotage of Public Water Supply Systems." Security of Public Water Supplies, Deininger, R. A., Literathy, P., and Bartram, J., eds, NATO Science Series 2, Environment - Volume 66, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Denileon, G. P. (2001). "The Who, What, Why, and How of Counterterrorism Issues." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 93(5), 78.
Dreazen, Y. J. (2001). "Water Utility Officials Fear Backflow from Terrorists." Wall Street Journal, December 27, 2001, A14.
Fox, K. R., and Lytle, D. A. (1996). "Milwaukee's Crypto Outbreak Investigation and Recommendations." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 88(9), 87.
Grayman, W. M., Deininger, R. A., and Males, R. M. (2002). Design Of Early Warning and Predictive Source-Water Monitoring Systems. AWWA Research Foundataion, Denver, Colorado.
Grayman, W. M., and Males, R. M. (2001). "Risk-Based Modeling of Early Warning Systems for Pollution Accidents." Proceedings of the IWA 2nd World Water Congress, IWA, London, United Kingdom.
Grayman, W. M., Rossman, L. A., Arnold, C., Deininger, R. A., Smith, C., Smith, J. F., Schnipke, R. (2000). Water Quality Modeling of Distribution System Storage Facilities. AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado.
Haestad Methods, Inc. (2002). Proceedings of the Water Security Summit. Haestad Press, Waterbury, Connecticut.
Harding, B. L., and Walski, T. M. (2000). "Long Time-Series Simulation of Water Quality in Distribution Systems." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, 126(4), 1199.
Harr, J. (1995). A Civil Action. Vintage Books, New York, New York.
Harris, S. H. (1994). Factories of Death, Japanese Biological Warfare 1932-1945 and the American Cover-up. Routledge, New York, New York.
Hickman, D. C. (1999). "A Chemical and Biological Warfare Threat: USAF Water Systems at Risk." Counterproliferation Paper No. 3, Maxwell Air Force Base, USAF Counterproliferation Center, http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cpc-pubs/hickman.pdf.
Hoover, J. E. (1941). "Water Supply Facilities and National Defense." Journal of the American Water Works Association, 33(11), 1861-1865.
Murphy, P. J. (1986). Water Distribution in Woburn, Massachusetts. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.
Rakesh, B., Samuels, W., Grayman, W. (2001). "EPANET-Arcview Integration for Emergency Response." Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, EWRI, Reston, Virginia.
Sandia National Laboratories. (2001). "Water Infrastructure Security Critical Infrastructure Protection." Webcast presented by AwwaRF, http://www.awwarf.com/whatsnew.html.
Sobsey, M. D. (1999). "Methods to Identify and Detect Contaminants in Drinking Water." Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminates, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
Williams, P., and Wallace, D. (1989). Unit 731: Japan's Secret Biological Warfare in World War II. Hodder & Stoughton, London, United Kingdom.
SCADA
Barnes, M., and Mackay, S. (1992). Data Communications for Instrumentation and Control. Instrument Data Communications (IDC), Australia.
Cisco Systems, Inc. (2000). CCIE Fundamentals: Network Design and Case Studies. Cisco Press, Second Edition, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Citect version 5 User's Guide. (1998). CI Technologies Pty. Ltd., Pymble, Australia.
Haime, A. L. (1998). "Practical Guide to SCADA Communications." SCADA at the Crossroads Conference Workshop, The Institution of Engineers Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
Williams, R. I. (1992). Handbook of SCADA Systems for the Oil and Gas Industries. Elsevier Advanced Technology Limited, 1st Edition, Great Yarmouth, United Kingdom.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Anderson, J. L., Lowry, M. V., and Thomte, J. C. (2001). "Hydraulic and Water Quality Modeling of Distribution Systems: What are the Trends in the US and Canada." AWWA Annual Conference, Washington, DC.
Basford, C. and Sevier, C. (1995). "Automating Maintenance of Hydraulic Network Model Demand Database using GIS and Customer Billing Records." AWWA Computer Conference, Norfolk, Virginia.
Buyens, D. J., Bizier, P. A., and Combee, C. W. (1996). "Using a Geographical Information System to Determine Water Distribution Model Demands." AWWA Annual Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Davis, A. L., and Braun, R. C. (2000). "General Purpose Demand Allocator (DALLOC)." EWRI Conference, ASCE, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Deagle, G., and Ancel, S. (2002). "Development and Maintenance of Hydraulic Models." AWWA IMTech, Kansas City, Mo.
DeMartino, S., and Hrnicek, E. (2001). "Object Oriented GIS 101." CE News, November.
ESRI. (2001). Dictionary of GIS Terminology. ESRI Press, Redlands, California.
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Miller, D. (1999). "DEM-Based Terrain Modeling with ArcView 3-D Analyst." ARC User, ESRI, July-September, 16.
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